Starting device for explosive-engines.



STARTING :DEVICE fruit 'ExrLosIvn-nNGINnsI I To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, RICHARD E. HAM- MQND and STANTON N; 'Fojnsnmx, citizens of the United States of America, residing at ColoradoSprings n thecounty of El Paso and State of Colorado, have invented-oer tain new and useful Improvements in Starting Devices for Explosive-Engines, of which the following is a specification.

Our imention'relates' to starting devices for explosive engines and its principal-object resides in the provision of a mechanism of simple construction which, when im- 3 pelled by the expansive action of'a motive fluid, willimpart a rotatory movement to the shaftof the engine with which it, is assov A further object of our. invention-resides in theprovision of a'governo'r of novel 0011-. struction whicl1,= bei'ng controlled by variation in the density of the motive fluid stored in a reservoir which is connected with the starting mechanism, is adapted to automatically cause replenishment of said reservoir, byoperative connection of a suitable compression pump with. a rotatory part of the engine.

We attain these objects by themechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings in the various views of which like parts are smnlarly designated'and 1n. wlnch-- Figure lfrepresents a plan view ofthe chassis and engine of a motor vehicle,' With the improved starting apparatus and the nections intheir operative position, Fig. 2, an enlargedsection taken along the line 2-2, Fig..y1, l*i g. '3, asection .takenalong "the line 33.",F1g.'2, drawn to an enlarged 40 scale, Figu l, a horizontal section ,"taken loi'w'*theh1' e4*'4, F1 2,

' Specification of Letter-sifatent; Application flled Dece'mBer 5, 1910. zSerial No. 595,660.: 1

-' as "is'indicated in brokenlines-at G in" Fig; 2, it"may be employed g-ajs' ia' vres ,storage of motive fluid or liq the bore of aboss';S fQrined irte all a t said.rodhas anaxial v f jtion of a coiled -s 1-ingj7,at m les of: v ch 'the' said'recess and to a leaf the end of thecy1ind'er'4fTh is revolubly supported in b'eit the opposite ends of 'the cylindrical therewith associated reservoir and pipe con- 3 j -1neai1s oflypipes herein-1ft Lars connectedw th a rese voir, in

r nu xnv .pE A'rEE or THE-ESTATE ,0?

the-upper portion smear. cylinder 5 is'not'essential in the operation ofth'e, 'p'para tus, but is provided"*principall to render-- the-device symmetrical and am des eijn-=a pearance. By closing the loner end "o fthis cylinder by means of transverse partition,

purposes or as a receptacle for tcol's" other articles. A piston 18' jslidahly' 'fit ted junctiongof the diver-genec linders A rack 1.0 secured *upoir a-lor itu'dinally extending, flattened-"surface on the may 8,

meshes with agear-Wheel' '12, whim is rota .7 0

- tably disposed within the crankcase" 3;in a

manner hereinafter to b'e described, and the ri'thi frecepare attached respectively at "'the'f bo' loosely mounted upon a crank formed integral with" heads,

case 3, A clutch 18,Whicl1/Ihaii be'o the ball-and-ratchet type for of any struct-ion suitable tothe "purpose; to transmit the movement of 1th to" be described,

impart its rotatory motion to the other, anda spring 31 is applied between the slidable member 28 and a shoulder onthe sleeve 26 for the purpose of permitting'a longitudinal movement of the latter even after the members'of the clutch are in operative engage ment.

A circumferential groove is formed in the sleeve- 26 for the reception of a trunnioned collar-'32 pivotally connected with a lever 33iwhich is fulcrumed at its upper and upon a bracket 34' extending laterally from thecast'ing 2, and whose opposite extremity is pivotally connected with an oper ating rod 35 which maybe moved longitudinally either by means of a foot lever 36 or by the action of a'piston 37, which has a reciprocating movement in the cylindrical portion 38 of a governor which is attached to a bracket 39 formedintegral with the crank case 3. I i

The extremity of the crank shaft 1,5,opposits to that whichcarries the sleeve 26, has diametrically opposite studs 40 for connectionofa hand crank to be applied in case it 11S desired to"cra1ik the engine in theusual mannenindependent of the starting apparatus. V The governor above referred to consists bf aeasing composed of two integral axially dined cylinders 38 and 41, of dissimilar diameters, in which. the before mentioned fusion 37 and a smaller piston 42, arerespectively, fitted for reciprocation. The larger one, 37, of the twofipistons is constructed at the end of a rod 43 which projects through alined openings in the head 44 of the governor casing and atherewith contiguous bracket 39, and which is pivotally connected with an end of the operating rod 35, and the integral piston 37 and rod 34 have an axialrecess into which the rod 4-5 of the smaller piston 42 slidably 'extends. A pin 4.6 which occupies transverse openings in the rod 341-, projects through a longitudinal slot in the'rod 45 .for the purpose of causing the two "pistons connected with the said rods, to move in unison during a certainperiod in the action of the governor while it permits the larger one of the two pistons to move independently when it is employed to bring the clutch members 28 an 3 59 in engagement. The rod 48 is providedwith an external screw thread for the application of a nut .47 which by engage' ment with the-outer surface of the head 44,

shoulder of the annular partition 50 which is formed at the junction of the two cylinders 38 and 41. y w

The differential cylinders have three ingress ports for motive fluid one of which,

51., is formed in the circumferentialwall of the larger cylinder, In close proximity to the partition 50, while the two others, respeetivel'y designated inthe drawings by the numerals 52 and 53, are in an enlargement of the wall of the smaller cylinder and branch from an opening 54L which connects with the conduit through which the motive fiuid'is supplied. from the reservoir, The position of the two ports 52 and 5315 such that when the piston 42 is in its rearmost position in engagement with-the stop 18, as shown in Fig. .3,-it is positioned between the said ports without closing one or the other, while when the piston'is at the end of its 95 forward motion, in engagement with the washer placed against the partition 50, it closes the port 52 whlle the other remalns uncovered. .A coiled spring 55 placed between the larger piston 37 and the head 4d, .serves to resiliently maintaintheform'er 1n its normal position shown in Fig. '5 of the drawings, and'a smaller spring 56 is placed within vthe. recess, to engage the end. of the piston rod 45 for the purpose of lessening -5 the concussive shock at the end of the, forward movement of the piston 37, the entire extent of which; is determined by the engagement of the nut- 4'1 with the outer' surface of the head 44. An exhaust port 57 in 1 the circumferential wall of the larger cylinder 38 is disposedtodischargc air from" the space between the two pistons "when the larger one has reached the end of its forward stroke as" shown in Fig. '6.

Our improved starting mechanism hasbeen shown in Fig. l of the drawings,.as applied to the chassis ofa motor vehicle the radiator of which is designated by the nu Ineral 58, the dash-board by the numeral 59, and the engineby the numeral 60. The casting '2 is rigidly secured in front of the radiator, with the crank shaft 15 in axial alinement with the shaft 30 of the engine, the foot lever 36 is placed within easy reach ,of-the operator, a reservoir =61 for the storagent compressed air is attached ata con- VGI11CI1C point of the -ehassis, and an operatlng valve 62, bymeans of which the operator controls the flow of motive fluid from [so f with th t e-The valve ,62 is attached; at

on nected with the reservoir by means of iarpipe' 64, with the opening atin the'igotf'ernor bythe use of, a conduit 65, and pump-cylinders 21" by means d (57, The valve62is furtherconnected with an openingviin one it" bgandnvith the 'portijl of the gm"- aneans of-a branch pipc 69.

1 e iowthrough the various pipes may heel uctedhymeans of valvesTO and 71,

is-andgtlie end l a he l i Opposite to that V L: ,1 "desired tousethe air stored inthe reservoir :fil ,,ferjnflatingtthe tires of .theyehicle or.

in, cleaning; othe1-,.par ts of the same.

ion of our invention, "a suped edensity which varies .v be- )redete mined minimum and maximuln idegree ,The ,valves TQ and 71 are, under. norma conditions, opeinwvhile the akes- 72 at-the end of, the manifold and the operating ,YalyefiZ areclosed. It will thus t t the ports 52and 53, and the ethe port 51 and the interior t cyl nder,; ean be conueete'd with the cir only-by, manipulation of the operhilelthe 'engineGO of M I v W y gle is in operation, .the air pre'ssui ein the r eseryoir 61, diminishes until ,it reaches;itsgdeterininate m ini niumdegree of 40, density, the: goyer'nor automatically, estabthe connection-hetween the shafts 15 y illg opera te the pumps until thejair within the reseryon it k w p of density when the connection of the two shafts is Eautomatically subsequently return to their tl'on i, It will thust be seen that i yoir, of a density which Varies leas 0 "te s oir, i disposed; against thekept in storein' the reservoir,

iinunication,withthesource of v he resultthat the engine 60 reached, the predetermined b oken, by theaction of thefgovernor, the

g1 eis injoperation', a supply of me degrees lis -at all times,

' a $1 5%: Yhi ej, there-r 353 simultaneously. in" coinmunicationfwith the erating rod and the therewith connected lever, 33which moves the clutch member 28 v timpels the piston 7 whose movement. is through the mstrumentality of the rack and gear moyement, converted into arotary motoitheir normal positions. =.The abovefie [scribed operation is performed" independ ently of the means for auto 'natically' replen shlng the reservoir, of wh ch means the pistheir automatic action, are not positively essential in the -operation of the starting the pressure .within the reservoir be reduced tained by the use of -a f pressure gage placed ,in t iew of the driver, a pressureiot' the foot upon'theleyer 36 will at once connect the [clutch members 28 and 29 and thus actuate the pumps which supply air to the reservoir until the required pressure. has been obtained. I V Indescribing-the operation of the governor by the use of which the supply of'ai'r in the reservoir is automatically. maintained at a degree of density above the minimum,

attention iscalled- V-to" Figs. 5 and 6 of the drawings which, respectively"show the parts in their normal position,.a'nd in' the the governor, the air in the reservoir has ,been'compressedto its maxnnum degree of tobe bro-ken; \Vhenthe pistons "are in their normal position, as shown in Fig; 5, "the lsmaller'ene, 42, which acts as a valve-covers admits, Lair the, s be position, -;t hereby. bringing the interior ofthe ,eylinder 4 and, the-port; 51; ot the goy'ernor ia-nii old (33, (as shown in' ljig.

reservoir 62. Theairt'alctinguponthepiston I 37] causes a longitudinal movement of theop? Imechanisin proper, for should 'at any time,

to the minimum, which can rcadil'y'be ascer position they occupy, when, by the act-ion of densityand the Connection hetweenthe engme shaft and the crank shaft 15- ahout understood that the tensio'i'rof the spring55 in operative engagementwith themember 29 'ion the engineshaft The 'air -intro' ducedvinto the cylinder 4, at the same time" tion of the crank shaft, and the therewith coupled shaft of the enginefiO. -When by springs 7 and 55 return the respective parts ton. 37 ,and the spring ;55 are parts', and which While greatly desirableby reason of :which resiliently opposes the forward movement of the piston 37 is an important factor in the operation of the governor. When the piston 37"is in its normal position and the spring 55 is partially relaxed, its expansive force is equal to-the predetermined minimum pressure of air in the reservoir multipliedjby the area of the smaller piston 42, while when the said spring is compressed to its'highest degree, when the piston 37 has reached the end of its forward movement as shown in Fig. 6, its pressure is somewhat in excess of the determinate maximum pressure of air in the reservoir multiplied by the area ofthe larger piston. The ports 52 and are, as herelnbefore explained, in

continuous communication with the reser- V011, and at no time 1n the'operation does the piston 37 reach a position sufficiently forwardto cover the port 51 whose communication with the reservoir iscontrolled by the valve 62. ment of the piston 37 during the operation .of -cranking" the engine as hereinbefore described, does in no way affect the normal positiouof the'smaller piston, for the reason that the extent-of such movement. never exceeds the length of the slot in the piston rod 45. It will thus be seen that, after thc'-en-- gine has been started as well as when it is at rest, the parts of the governor invariably occupy the position shown. inFig. 5, and

that they will remain in this position as longas the pressure of the air in thereservoiris abovei the minimum and in excess of the pressure of the spring 55. When, however, by repeated usage or leakage, the density of the air. in the reservoir is reduced to a degree' belojw the minimum, the pressure of the spring will oVerbalance the air pressure uponthesmall piston 4-2 with the result that the larger piston is impelled forwardly to complete its-forward movement the extent 'of which is determined by the engagement of the nut 47- with the bracket 39, and the piston 4-2 ismoved against the stop 48 by the engagement of the pin 46 with the shouldcr of the slot in its stem 45. 'Theport 52 being thus openedadmits air in betiween the two pistons and. inasmuch as the air pressure upon the face of the large piston is now in excess of the spring pressure, which it will beflseen, is" at this point in the operation less than the minimum air pressure multiplied by theareznof the small piston, the piston 37 is moved forwardly against the pressure ofthe said spring, a distance suflicient to bring-the clutch members 28 and 29 in operative engagement through the in.- strumentality of the operating rod 35 and the lever 33. The engine 60' now"actuates the pumps-whichsupply air to the reservoir thro'ughthe pipes 66 and 67, and the contimiously increasing density of the air with in the reservoir, cause 'a' corresponding forrod 45 of the smaller piston, when tl'ie 'two pistons will move in unison until thfellarger one has passed the exhaustopeningthc' smaller one has synchronously been'returned The reciprocating move- Ward movement of the piston 37 against the pressure of the spring 56 until, just before itpasses the exhaust opening 57, .the pin 41,6 reachesthe forwardend of the islotgirrtr to its. original position in engagement with i the partition 50, in which positiori 'it is maintained by the air pressing upon'itsreari ward surface. The moment the largeifipisj h ton has passedthe exhaust opening (see,

Fig. 6) the body of impellcntail-escapes into the atmosphere, and inasmuch as thesmallcr piston hasclosed the portfiZ, the larger piston is. impelled rcarr'tardly by the OPZUISWG action of the 'spring'fid until it has reached its normal position in which the pin 46 is in the rearward portion of the slot in the rod 45. The rearward movement of the piston 37, disconnected the shafts 1 5 ar.d;30, and the entire system'isnow againin a condition to start the engine by adjiistinent ofthe valve 62, until the pressure of ai1' in"tl1e reservoir is again reduced below the minimum-when the above describedo'peration is repeated. I 1;,

It will be observed that when, during the operation of the governor, the clutch menu bers have been brought in engagement, further forward motion of the piston 37, is absorbed by the spring 31 between the member 28 and the shoulder on the sleeve 26, and that the small spriiig 56 within the axial recess of the piston 37, will lessen the shock of concussion at theend of the rearward movementof the latter after it has passed the exhaust port 57.

While we have shown and described our starting apparatus in the best form now known to us, we wish it understood that various changes in thecmistruction and arrangement of its parts may be availed of within the spirit of the invention.

cal' action.

2. A starting mechanism for explosive engines comprising a cylinder, a piston having a reciprocating movement therein, a rack connected with said piston. a rotary shaft. :1

gear loosely mounted thereon in operative engagement with said rack, a clutch on said shaft for the transmission of the rotary motion of the gear in one direction, correlative en mes comprisingincombin on, a'. -res crvoir for motive fluid, arotarydeviceadapts to be ifnipell'edby fluid pressure, correl.a-'

cation with said reservoir, means fol-bring;

in g said members in I, operative .con n ection, and a mechanism. forsupplymg motu'e flu d to the reservoir and adapted to be actuated.

.by a decrease in'density of the fluid contained in said reservoir.

4. A. starting mechanism for explosive engines COHIPIISIIIg'HI combination, a reservoir for motive fluid, a rotary device adapted to be impelled by fluid pressure, a-pumpoperatively associated with said device in communication with the reservoiiycorrela the members for ]0ll11Ilg said device and a rotary part of the engine for cooperation,-

a contrivance impelled by fluid pressure, for

bringing said members in operative connection, means for admitting motive fluid o-f the reservoir to the said device and to the said .contrivance, and means for. actuating the latter automatically by a decrease in density of the fluid in the reservoir, whereby said members are brought in operative connection for actuation of the pump. I

A starting mechanism for explosive engines comprising in combination, a reservoir for motive fluid, a rotary device adapted to be impelled by fluid pressure, a pump operatively' associated with sa d dev ce 1n communication with the reservoir, correlative members for joining said device and a ro-.

tary p'art of the engine for. cooperation, a vcontrivance, impelled by fluid pressure, for bringing said members in operative connection, means for admit-ting motive fluid of the reservoir to the said device and to the said 'contrivance, means adapted to. actuate the latter automatically by a decrease in density of the fluid in the reservoir whereby said members are brought in operative connection for actuation of the pump, and to automatically disengage-said members'by a subsequent increase in the. density of the Said fluid.

6 A starting mechanism for explosive engines comprisin in combination, a reservoir for motive flui a rotary device adapted to be impelled by fluid pressure, correlative members for joining'said device and a' rotary part ofthe engine, for cooperation, a cylinder, a piston having a reciprocating movement. therein, means actuated by the movement of said piston for bringing said members in operative-connection, means for admitting motive fluid from the said reser vo r to said device and the said piston, a.

'1',o7s;iee

' i7 aer e fans anatf; deviogi and u d'v thintherese v rasl .17 I A etart-ing. mechanism" fgrpx los v enforjoining said device and a p I litheengmeior coijperat1on,.- means for -br1n'g1ng-:sa1dfdev1ce 1n communicommunication ith a servoir, s-' for actuating -sa df ston. automaticallyby a decrease in dens tyvjof thegines comprisingin combination, a; reservoir tor motive flu id, a rotary device adapted to be impelled by pressurdcorrelatlve members for j'oiu'ing ja-id device and a roy. parent he e g r' .wfir r' i e, a

cyl1nder, ..'a piston/having a. reciprocating movement therein, means-actuated by -the movement ofsaid piston for bringingsaid members in operative connection, means for admitting motive fluid from the said reservoir 'tosaid device and to the said piston, a ump bpera'tiv ly associated "with said device, in communication with the reservoir, means adapted to actuate said piston automatically by a decrease in density of the fluid Within; the reservoir," and to automaticallyreturn it to its original position by. a subsequent increase in density of the said fluid.

8; A startingmechanism for eXplosive-engines comprising in combinatiom-La reservoir 7 or motive fluid, a rotary deviceadapted to 'be impelled by fluid pressure, correlative members for joining. said device and a rotary part of theengme, forcooperatlon, a cylinder, a-p ston having a reclprocating movement therein, means actuated by the movement of said piston for bringing said members in operativeconnection, means for admitting motive fluid from the said reserines comprising in combinatioinfa reservoir or motive fluid, a rotary device adapted to -be impelled by fluid pressure, correlative members for joining said deviceand afro tary part ofthenengine, for cooperatioma 'cyhnder, a piston having areciprocating movement therein, means actuated .by the movement of said piston for bringing-said members in operative connection, means-for admitting motive fluidfromthe said rescrvoir to said device andtothe-said piston,

a pump'operatively associated-with said device, in communication with -,-the reservoir, an auxiliary conduit for admitting motive fluid from said reservoir to said piston, a. valve under fluid pressure normally closing said conduit, means to effect a movementof sa d valvem umson with sa d piston, and a yspring adapted to m'u-intainthe latter in its normal, position and to move the valve so as to open said conduit, when the said pressure is decreased belowa; predeterminedde a-a" 10. A starting mechanism for explosive engines comprising a rotary shaft, a" device for imparting a rotary'movement to said iehaft by fluid pressure, correlative members for joining said shaft and a rotary part of the. engine for coiipera-tion, means for bringing said members inoperative connection,

a reservoir .for motive fluid, means for ad'- mitting fluid from 1 said reservoir to said device, a pump in communication with said 15 reservoir and in operative connection with said sl1aft,-and means for establishing a driving connection between said device and "the said shaft, adapted to allow the latter to move independently of said device foroper- 20 ating said pump. 1 i In testimony whereof we afli'x our signatures in presence of two Witnesses. RICHARD E. HAMMOND.

, STANTON W. FORSMAN.

Witnesses JAMES J. WARING, Y ELLIS L. SPARKMANL 

